What is Adrenal Cancer? Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors and Treatment

 


Adrenal cancer is a rare but serious condition that originates in the adrenal glands—small, triangular organs located just above each kidney. These glands produce essential hormones like cortisol, aldosterone, and adrenaline, which help regulate metabolism, blood pressure, and the body’s response to stress. When cancer develops in the adrenal tissue, it can disrupt hormone production and affect many vital functions, often leading to severe health complications.


Causes and Risk Factor


The exact cause of adrenal cancer is not fully understood, but several risk factors may increase your chances of developing this disease. Genetic syndromes such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) are closely associated with adrenal tumors. A family history of adrenal or endocrine cancers, hormonal imbalances, and long-term exposure to certain carcinogens can also raise the risk. Though it can occur at any age, adrenal cancer is more commonly diagnosed in adults between 40 and 60 years old.


Symptoms of Adrenal Cancer


Symptoms often depend on whether the tumor is producing hormones. In functioning tumors, excess hormone production can lead to noticeable changes such as:


  1. High blood pressure

  2. Weight gain or unexplained weight loss

  3. Muscle weakness

  4. Excessive facial or body hair (especially in women)

  5. Irregular menstrual cycles

  6. Deepening of the voice

  7. Abdominal pain or a palpable mass


Some non-functioning tumors may not produce symptoms until they grow large enough to press on nearby organs, which is why regular check-ups and early evaluation are important.


Adrenal Cancer Treatment


Early diagnosis plays a key role in effective adrenal cancer treatment. Treatment usually begins with surgical removal of the tumor. Today, many specialists prefer robotic surgery for adrenal cancer due to its precision, smaller incisions, faster recovery, and lower risk of complications. Dr. Amitabh Singh, a highly experienced specialist and widely regarded as the best uro oncologist in Delhi, offers advanced robotic adrenal surgery for patients seeking safe, minimally invasive treatment options.


Depending on the stage and spread of the cancer, additional treatments such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy may also be recommended. Long-term follow-up is essential to monitor hormone levels and detect any signs of recurrence.

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