What Makes Immunotherapy a Treatment Option in Urological Cancers?
Treatment options for urological cancers have expanded considerably. Along with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, immunotherapy is now used for selected patients with cancers such as bladder, urothelial, and kidney cancer. Rather than directly destroying tumour cells, immunotherapy works by changing the way the immune system responds to cancer. Its use depends on the individual case. Cancer type, stage, previous treatment, tumour features, and overall health all influence whether immunotherapy is appropriate. How Does Immunotherapy Work? Cancer cells can develop mechanisms that help them escape immune surveillance. Certain cancer cells exploit immune checkpoint signals, making it harder for immune cells to respond effectively. Certain immunotherapy medicines block these pathways and can restore immune activity against cancer cells. This makes immunotherapy different from treatments that primarily act directly on the tumour. Where Is It Used in Urological Cancer? U...